When it comes to building strength, there are 2 huge, controllable factors that determine strength. They are, in order of importance, neuromuscular coordination and muscle size. Neuromuscular coordination is the ability of your brain, nerves, and muscles to work together efficiently to produce a movement pattern. In everyday language we might refer to this as one’s technique or skill. The second key part is muscle size, otherwise known as the cross sectional area of the muscle. Think of muscles as the engine in a car; muscles are what makes the body go. Neuromuscular coordination is like the driver of the car.
While the bench press can benefit from a solid leg drive, the majority of the movement is produced by the muscles in the upper body. Because there is some confusion as to what role certain muscles have in the bench press, I have listed all of the major muscles in the upper body and listed their relative contribution to the bench press. A score of 5 means the muscle is the agonist or the prime mover. A 4 means the muscle is a strong synergist, it will produce actual movement and it will respond to the exercise. A 3 is a weak synergist or a strong stabilizer. The muscle will contribute a little bit to the exercise and it might show some development from the exercise. A 2 means the muscle is a stabilizer during the exercise. It is contracting during the exercise but it is not producing active movement and it will usually not respond to the exercise. However if this muscle is injured it can significantly limit the weight lifted. A score of 1 means the muscle is relatively inactive during the exercise
Muscle | Contribution |
Pectoralis Major | 5 |
Latissimus Dorsi | 4 |
Anterior Deltoid | 4 |
Middle Deltoid | 3 |
Posterior Deltoid | 2 |
Teres Major | 4 |
Pectoralis Minor | 2 |
Serratus Anterior | 2 |
Traps | 1 |
Rhomboids | 1 |
Coracobrachialis | 3 |
Subscapularis | 4 |
Supraspinatus | 2 |
Infraspinatus | 2 |
Teres Minor | 2 |
Triceps | 4 |
Biceps | 2 |
Forearm Flexors | 2 |
Forearm Extensors | 1 |
Core (Abs, Obliques) | 1.5 |
Erectors | 1.5 |
Note: It is possible that individual variation, biomechanics, and form might make a muscle work either a little bit more or a little bit less involved based on how the lift is perform.
If you believe that increasing the size of your muscles will help improve the bench, then focus on training the muscles that received a 3 or more on the above scale. Give it 3, 6, even 12 months of hard training. Track your progress and try to establish your own personal correlation between your muscle size and your performance on the platform. It is worth noting that because the bench press requires force to cross the least stable major joint in powerlifting (the shoulder) as you add size to your upper body you increase the stability of the joint, allowing for a much higher level of force production. This is why this lift is the typically the most affected by any change in bodyweight.
GREAT INFORMATION.. THANK YOU
Great article
What is this based of exactly?
This is good info. I have always found my bench rises exponentially with a bodyweight increase regardless of the ‘quality’ of the weight increase i.e. fat or muscle – this makes a lot of sense, thank you
Great stuff. Has anyone ever done this for the Olympic lifts?
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Most of this makes sense, except the latissimus dorsi. How on earth does the bench press involve them to the same extent as the triceps and anterior deltoids??? I find this very hard to believe. I don’t see the involvement higher than a 2.
Depends on the kind of grip you use. Wide grip is less involved with triceps and harsher on the pecs and lats. While a closer grip would have the opposite effect.
This helps explain how the lats work in the bench press, it is all about where the muscle inserts
http://allaboutpowerlifting.com/lats-important-bench-press/#:~:text=The%20lats%20literally%20contribute%20by,the%20bar%20away%20from%20you.
Thanks for the articles. Really useful info. Please could you do a ‘Muscles Involved in the Bent Over Row’ article, as I’d be really interested in learning the relative muscle group recruitment of the row, and that would complete the info for the ‘big 5’ compound movements
how the eff is Latissimus Dorsi worked here with a 4 ?
This helps answer that question
http://allaboutpowerlifting.com/lats-important-bench-press/#:~:text=The%20lats%20literally%20contribute%20by,the%20bar%20away%20from%20you.